It can be said that Welfare and its relation to some economic indicators (such as the type of distribution and the desire achieved by people) has a connection to their amount of income and the achieved desire and in the case of Social Welfare, it is a subordinate of inequality in income.This article will have an overview on theoretical literature and other subordinated functions according to A.Sen function in brief.

Objective: In the new Social Welfare, issues of Social capital have been important and are very necessary, because today not only Social Welfare can not simply available and can not be guaranteed by direct economic and material components, but in addition the resources of Social society including Social capital of different groups of people must be mobilized. Several experimental findings are emphasized on the importance of Social capital at promoting level of development and Welfare of communities. Studies show that the areas or countries with the relatively high storage of Social capital (according to generalized trust and civil commitment) obtain higher levels of growth compared with the societies with lower trust and low civil commitment. In this study, the collective Social capital approach in which Social capital is defined as collective assets that leads to the effects and the consequences through orientation to collective (Putnam theory) due to its authenticity to the subject of research, approved as the theoretical framework in relation of explanation and analysis of Social Welfare situation.In this research Social capital, as Putnam defined, is studied as a collective asset. Therefore, conceptual elements of Social capital considered as a set of cognitive and subjective dimensions which formed Social trust and Social norms in the behavior in Social network which totally formed the Social capital components. The average scores of these three components has been considered as Social capital scores. Also in relation of Social Welfare, the combination of individual's Social Welfare (Bentham theory) that their indicators proposed by Social statistics center of Euroup, approved for measurement in this research.The general hypothesis is that: Social has a positive impact on Social walfare, any higher amount of capital leads to higher amount of Social Welfare. In addition to the general hypothesis, some other hypothesis as especial forms of relationships between variables such as individual trust, generalized trust, institutionalized trust, Social solidarity, cooperation, Social support, formal participation, informal participation, amount and variety of relationships are measured.Method: The methodology of this research is survey and questionnaire is used for data gathering. Statistical community of research are all households residing in tehran and statistical unit of the research is the head of family. Sample sizeare 299 eases that selected by cluster sampling.Findings and Results: The results of research as generally indicate the approval of hypothesis and research expectations about the role Social capital in increasing of Social Welfare.As results of the statistical analysis show the Social capital impact has positive impact on Social Welfare, that is, any higher amount which Social capital may be, the rate of Social Welfare will be higher. Also all the Indices considered for Social capital (such as trust, Social norms, and Social network) have a positive impact on Social Welfare, these results are consistent with Putnam theories.The research shows that some indicators of Social capital which have better situation in research community have a more relationship with traditional aspects of society such as religious informal participation and charity affairs, and some indicators that are consistent with modem life such as modem Social capital institutional trust, generalized trust, solidarity and formal participation) are not in a desirable situation.

Increasing expansion of communication and information technology and easy access to internet and satelite tv have targeted all people at evety level of age, sex, nationality and culture and also at any time with great deal of information. These technologies that play a determinant role in the process of globalisation, have created major transformation at all facets of life, including the increasing of awareness, changes in expectations and life-styles, increasing of global control, etc. and also changes which have occurred following to those policies and government planning’s.Social Welfare either as a general subject or as those approaches which incorporates Social and economic policy- making is under the influence of inevitable globalisation. Therefore, the investigation about Social Welfare and the influence of globalisation on it, is the main question of this article which will be explained through the summarization of Socialogists, economists and others commentaries who have made theorizations in this domaine.In the first instance, a review on theories about globalisation will be presented and then those subjects related to Social Welfare will be discussed and finally, the relationship between the two concept will be investigated.

In contemporary of Social science, many thesis and ideas were discussed from the viewpoint of citizenship. This article with a historical approach to the citizenship is trying to provide some definitions and Social attitudes to gain Social Welfare. In order to do this, we have to represent some definitions about citizenship and a tendency toward self - orienting among boys, civil Republican, and Marshal Marx theories and so on. Different approaches indicate a bilateral relationship between citizenship and Social Welfare. Some viewpoints have called Social Welfare as a part of citizenship, and named it as a law, while some others announced availability of various facilities as a framework to citizenship. Thus in the framework of citizenship we can directly obtain Social Welfare Also indirectly through obtaining Social Welfare in different people we can prepare a ground of citizenship.

In this paper we have used Sen Welfare function along with Generalized Sen Welfare Function for evaluating the Welfare change in Iran. We have also used the substitution rate between efficiency and inequality, marginal substitution rate between Social Welfare and income, and elasticity of Welfare with respect to inequality for the evaluation. Results of the finding show that Social Welfare has increased in 2002-2007, 1997-2001, and 1992-1996 periods compared to 1971-1976 period by the rates of 4.9, 3.1, and 2.7 percent respectively. This shows that the public policy decisions taken by the government during the 1997-2007 periods had an effective role in increasing the per capita income and also in reducing the income inequality. Results of the study also showed that the Welfare change due to per capita income is greater than Welfare change due to income inequality reduction in the period 1971-2007 (except for 1977-1986). The important finding of this study was that increase in per capita income did not result in increase in income inequality. Therefore it seems that there was not a tradeoff between equity and efficiency in that period in Iranian economy. So, pursuing the policies for increasing the efficiency in economy is a proper policy for increasing the Social Welfare in Iran.

Precise science serves as the foundation of modern knowledge, aimed at interpreting and organizing the surrounding world. By employing accurate measurements, mathematical principles, and experimental methods, it strives to provide a deeper understanding of the laws and structures of nature. A hallmark of precise science is its emphasis on empirical measurements and quantifiable data grounded in scientific evidence. This approach enables scientists to achieve results that can be verified through repeatability and independent testing.By offering a robust analytical framework, precise science helps societies gain a better understanding of natural phenomena and leverage this knowledge to improve quality of life. Leading scientific nations that have achieved wealth and a degree of Social Welfare are those that have expanded the frontiers of science, made significant discoveries, and activated their intellectual and creative capacities. These nations produce high-quality goods and services while identifying effective solutions to societal challenges, using these advancements as a basis for governing their countries. Scientific discovery not only enhances individual cultural potential and fosters Social pride but also establishes a creative foundation for transformative innovation, technological advancement, and societal progress.Nevertheless, precise science has its limitations. It faces challenges in interpreting highly complex and unknown phenomena that lie beyond the reach of current sensory and technological tools. Fundamental aspects of precise science, such as physical models and scientific assumptions, may evolve or improve over time due to the dynamic and ever-developing nature of knowledge. This constant evolution highlights the drive of precise science to seek new pathways and expand its understanding. Precise science is a dynamic process of change and improvement, striving to optimize parameters in response to the shifting conditions of different eras. This adaptability allows scientists to continuously ask new questions and push the boundaries of knowledge. Such efforts not only lead to technological advancements and enhanced living standards but also inspire deeper understanding and scientific breakthroughs.A critical point to emphasize is that precise science originates from deep thinking and is realized through highly advanced measurement tools. Discovering precise science requires both knowledgeable and thoughtful human resources, as well as precision instruments capable of measuring and imaging at molecular and atomic scales. These tools, which operate on extremely short timescales such as attoseconds or zeptoseconds, are essential in today's scientific advancements and will continue to evolve in the future. Moreover, it is vital to link today’s data with historical datasets while incorporating projections of future trends to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic nature of science. Consequently, nations must invest in nurturing, protecting, and satisfying their intellectual talent. They must also develop and implement advanced measurement technologies integrated with artificial intelligence and big data, supported by high-speed internet at both national and international levels. Dynamic scientific diplomacy, facilitated by collaboration among scientists and intellectuals, is another key element for advancing science through global scientific partnerships. Preserving scientific talent requires urgent and strategic short-term planning to mitigate and reverse the effects of brain drain. It is important to note that science is not merely data and information; it ultimately depends on capable and knowledgeable individuals. By wisely and effectively utilizing data and information, they can find solutions to problems and, through their knowledge and faith, pave the way for societal progress and Welfare.

"Social Welfare" and "Social problems" should be considered as two sides of one coin. In this paper, the concept of "Social problem" is defined, through reviewing four textbooks, as a situation which is considered as a threat for quality of life or vital values by a considerable number of population but, of course, not necessarily the majority of them. In addition, this situation should contain some Social causes or effects and its abolition should require some changes in Social policies.Accordingly, poverty, inequality, Social deviation, and difficulties in Social institutions, i.e. production, administration, general health, mental health, education, and family can be categorized as typical Social problems.Functionalist, conflict, and interactionist theories explain Social problems differently, and therefore, propose different policies to resolve them. Whereas functionalists consider Social problems as those who have arised out of a disrupture between norms and behaviors, conflict theorists regard them as products of an unjust distribution of power, wealth, status, and information. These macrotheories do not explain the individual differences in a given Social condition; this is relinquished to interactionists who emphasize the semantic and interpretive processes, such as labeling and differential association as forces on individual to deviate.

The concepts "Welfare" and "Security" while combined by the concept "Social" are of new ones born during modem developments. Because of such characteristic, they have got involved in modem Social affairs and it seems impossible to make a clear and comprehensive definition for them so that all the experts have a common idea about it. But bringing their formations into account and their applications either, will lead us to a reasonable understanding of them. "Social Welfare" is used to indicate to a condition including economic, Social and political one and focuses on human being, society accountability to human being and tries to promote the Social potential as a whole in individual and group aspects."Social Welfare" has although many things in common with Social Welfare, but has a different attitude toward the problems. In this article, a clear definition is represented for any of these basic items

Many countries in Asia is undergoing significant demographic, Social and economic transformations which challenge the capability of Social security schemes to adapt to new emerging needs and the problem of rising Social security costs.The Republic of Korea established the first medical insurance Act in 1963. At that time, The Korean government decided to implement a voluntary insurance scheme in view of the difficulties encountered by individuals and enterprises to pay insurance contributions due to the low level of per capita income and the poor financial situation of the enterprises.However, with the successful implementation of three consecutive Five-year Economic Development Plan initiated form 1962, the Republic of Korea achieved notable economic progress as well as improvements in Social Welfare protection. In the fourth Five-year Economic Development Plan, the government re-examined the medical insurance issue in order to provide the population with comprehensive protection against diseases.In 1996, 97.9 percent of the population covered by the medical insurance program; the rest were covered by the medical aid program. The financial resources of the medical insurance system come from contributions paid by the insured person and hislher employer and government subsidies.For health care in rural areas, government-operated public health centers, health sub-centers and primary health care post have been established throughout the country.Health expenditure as a percentage of GNP in the Republic of further pursue more effective cost containment policies regulating the supply and demand sides as well as the rates of medical care fees which affect the entire medical market.The experiences of Social security and medical insurance system of the Republic of Korea can be used in the countries such as Iran.

Introduction: In this paper, the relationship between Social capital and subjective Welfare among the staff of Ministry of Welfare and Social Security have been studied. The basic question of this study is; “What is the relationship between Social Capital and Subjective Welfare"? and "Do staff’s Subjective Welfare, lead to increase Social Capital or not?".Method: research method was survey, for collecting data, questionnaire was used. 160 people of the staff of Ministry of Welfare and Social Security (1388) were selected by Cochran’s formula, based on proportion classification sampling.Findings: the research indicates have shown that subjective Welfare dosnt have any significance difference among background variables discussed in this research such as sex, age, and so on. Also there is no significant relation between Social network, civil participation and institutional trust with subjective Welfare, while, there is a significant relationship among Social capital and indexes of interpersonal trust, generalized trust and Social participation with subjective Welfare.Discussion: Conclusion of research indicates have shown that Social capital impacts on subjective Welfare; in other words, increase of rate of Social capital is lead to increase of subjective Welfare.